Smoking cigarettes, having diabetes, and being pregnant are all known risk factors. 1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking can significantly contribute to gum disease. It impairs blood flow to the gums, reducing oxygen and nutrient supply, which hinders the healing process and makes the gums more susceptible to infection. 2. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of gum disease because high blood sugar levels can weaken the body's immune response, making it harder to fight off bacterial infections that cause gum disease. Additionally, gum disease can make it more difficult to control blood sugar levels, creating a two-way relationship between diabetes and gum disease. 3. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of gum disease. Increased levels of certain hormones can make the gums more sensitive and reactive to plaque, leading to inflammation and bleeding known as pregnancy gingivitis. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are essential to manage and reduce the risk of gum disease, especially if you fall into any of these high-risk categories.